Divya Desams

The Divya Desams of Lord Vishnu

The 108 most holy places of Lord Vishnu

This page is in two parts. The first part contains short descriptions of each of the 108 holy sites where various pastimes or lilas of the Supreme Being, Lord Vishnu and the avataras, have occurred, and where important temples are now located. The second and lower part of this page contains small pictures that are associated with each site, some of which show the deities in the temples, and others prints. Thus you can have darshan of each holy place. Some photos or prints are available in clearer and larger sizes in The Krishna Darshan Art Gallery on this website. Great spiritual merit is accrued by the pilgrim who can go to any of these sacred places, or even hear about and meditate on them.

PART ONE

Descriptions

Ahobilam (Singavel Kunram)

Description: Ahobilam is one of the most venerated Vaishnava temples enshrining Lord Narasimha. It is located near Nandyal in Andhra Pradesh. It is accessed from Cuddappah on the Chennai Mumbai railroad.

Forty miles from Cuddapah is Allagedda, and there are bus routes to Ahobalam from Allagedda. Other possible routes, are Nandyal-Allagadda-Ahobalam and Dhone-Banganapalli-Koilakuntla-Ahobalam. It is referred to as the Nava Narasimha Kshetram, and is the seat of the Ahobila Mutt.

Singavelkunram, praised in Tirumangai Alwar's decad of 10 verses in Tamil, is the Ahobila Divya Desam, enshrining as many as nine images of Narasimha - and is one of the two Divya Desams in Andhra Pradesh.

The Puranas state that the Nallamalai hills from Kurnool to Chittoor district are a personification of AdiSeshan whose tail is Sree Sailam, middle is Ahobalam and head is Tirumala.

Deities: This Nava Narasimha Kshetram enshrines Ahobila Narasimhan, Varaha Narasimhan, Malola Narasimhan, Yogananda Narasimhan, Bhavana Narasimhan, Kaarancha Narasimhan, Chakra Vada Narasimhan, Bhargava Narasimhan and Jwala Narasimhan. In the temple at the foothills, the Moolavar Prahladavaradan in a seated posture facing east; there are festival images of 8 of the Narasimhas, other than Malola Narasimha. The festival image of Malola Narasimha is located in the Ahobila Mutt. The Moolavar in the Ahobila Mutt is Lakshmi Narasimha, while the utsavar is Rama.

Upper Ahobalam is 2800 feet above sea level. It is an arduous trek to upper Ahobilam from the foothills, but also available by bus. The Lakshmi Narasimhar temple at the lower level has mandapams, with remnants of fine sculpture from the Vijayanagar period. Upper Ahobilam enshrines Ahobila Narasimhan and Ugra Narasimhan. The moolavar images were the only shrines of worship during the period of the Chalukyan king Vikramaketu, while it was during the period of Prataparudra that festival images were made. Krishna Devarayar is known to have made endowments here.

The two crests of the hill are called Vedadri and Garudadri, through which the Bhavanasini Thirtham flows. There is a pillar near the Ugra Narasimhar and the Guha Narasimhar shrine; said to be the pillar, facing which the demon Hiranyakasipu asked Prahlada to demonstrate the omnipresence of Vishnu.

Legend has it that Rama, while separated from Sita, worshipped Lakshmi Narasimhar here. Legend has it that Garuda, desirous of seeing the Narasimha form of Vishnu, worshipped him here, and that Vishnu manifested himself as nine forms of Narasimha. Mahalakshmi is believed to have reincarnated into a family of hunters as Senjulakshmi, and married Narasimhar here. This event is commemorated in the annual festival in the Tamil month of Maasi, when the local tribe actively participates in the festivities.

Alwar Tirunagari (Tirukkurukoor)

Description: This is the ninth and the most celebrated of the nine Nava Tiruppatis in Tirunelveli district in the belt between Tirunelveli and the coastal shrine of Tiruchendur.

Only Nammalwar, who resided at Alwar Tirunagari, has sung of these nine shrines Tiruvaikuntham, Varagunamangai, Pulinkudi, Tolaivillimangalam, Tirukkulandai, Tirukkolur, Tirupperai and Tirukkurugoor, collectively referred to as Alwar Navatiruppati. Tolaivillimangalam referred to as Irattai Tirupati, counts as two in the scheme of Nava Tirupatis, but as one of the 108 Divya Desams.

Nammalwar honors Tirukkurukoor with a decad of 11 verses. Nammalwar's signature in each of his decads is Kurukoor Sadagopan. This shrine is very closely associated with Nammalwar, who lived his life here. Alwar Tirunagari is also known for Araiyar Sevai, where the Divya Prabanda Pasurams (verses) are recited with expression, music and rhythm as in Srirangam and Srivilliputtur.

Deities: The Moolavar here is Aadi Naathan or Aadi Piraan. Taayaars here are Aadi Natha Valli and Kurukoor Valli. There is a shrine to Nammalwar. The tamarind tree in which he resided (Tiruppulialwar) is the stala vriksham here

Legend has it that Indra was absolved of his curse here. It is believed that Lakshmana incarnated as the tamarind tree here. Vishnu is believed to have been under a vow of celibacy, when Lakshmi meditated upon him to marry him and therefore Vishnu took her in the form of a garland of flowers (magizha malar maalai). There is another legend that Agasthyar had been blessed by Shiva, that there would be born a saint (Nammalwar) in this area, who would enthrone the language Tamil to a status equal to that of Sanskrit.

The temple: This temple covers an area of 5 acres. The Tirumanjana Mandapam, the tirumamani mandapam and the Kannadi Mandapam are of great beauty.

Festivals: The asterism of each Alwar is celebrated here, as in Srirangam. Garuda Sevai in the Tamil month of Vaikasi (Vishaka asterism - the birthday of Nammalwar) witnesses the grand Garuda Sevai, where festival images from all of the nine Nava Tirupatis congregate here. Nammalwar is mounted on the Hamsavahanam. The Paasurams on each of these deities are recited then, during this grand festival. The image above is that of Perumaal from Tirupperai.

Aranmula (Tiruvaaranvilai)

Description: Aranmula is a beautiful village located further inland from Chengannur, (9 km west) on the Ernakulam Quilon railroad. It is on the left bank of the Pampa river, it is from here that the sacred jewels of Ayyappan are taken in procession to Sabarimalai each year. Aranmula is also known for the watersports involving a spectacular procession of snake boats.

Among the Krishna temples in Kerala, the most important ones are at Guruvayur, Trichambaram, Tiruvarppu, Ambalappuzha and Aranmula.

Aranmula is one of the five ancient shrines in the Chengannur area of Kerala, connected with the Mahabharatam. (Chengannur - Yuddhishtra, Tiruppuliyur - Bheema, Aranmula - Arjuna, Tiruvamundur - Nakula and Tirukkadittaanam - Sahadeva). It has been glorified by the Tamil hymns of Nammalwar of the 1st millennium CE.

Legend has it that the Pandava princes, after crowning Pariksit left on a pilgrimage of India, and in Kerala, each of these brothers installed Vishnu on the banks of the Pampa and nearby places and offered worship. (Chengannur - Yuddhishtra, Tiruppuliyur - Bheema, Aranmula - Arjuna, Tiruvamundur - Nakula and Tirukkadittaanam - Sahadeva). It is said that Arjuna built this temple at Nilackal near Sabarimalai, and the image was brought here in a raft made of six pieces of bamboo to this site, and hence the name Aranmula (six pieces of bamboo). Legend has it that Arjuna built this temple, to expiate for the sin of having killed Karna on the battlefield, against the dharma of killing an unarmed enemy. It is also believed that Vishnu (here) revealed the knowledge of creation to Bhrama, from whom the Madhukaitapa demons stole the Vedas.

There is yet another legend associated with Parthasarathy here. On the ninth day of the battle of Kurukshetra, the Kauravas reigned supreme under the leadership of Bheeshma, when Krishna motivated Arjuna to take initiative and vanquish his foe. Upon his hesitating to do so, Krishna jumped down in rage and took up his discus; seeing this sight Bheeshma surrendered to him and Arjuna beseeched him not to kill Bheeshma, as it would have been against Krishna's vow to take up arms in his battle. It is believed that it is this image of Krishna that is enshrined here, with a discus.

The Water Carnival: This temple is located on the banks of the river Pampa. This temple is associated with water carnivals - boat race during the Onam season. A tradition of sending an offering of rice and other material required for a feast from a nearby village, on a waterboat relates to the origin of this festival and this tradition is continued even today (this is related to a legend in which a devotee fed a hungry pilgrim, who directed him to send food to Aranmula and disappeared, revealing that he was none other than Vishnu).

Snake boats accompany the sacred boat. The boat race: Snake boats from 39 Karas from Chennithala in the west to Ranni in the east participate in the watersport Vellamkali. These boats assemble since dawn and sail in pairs for about 2 hours. A snake boat is about 103 feet in length. Each boat has about 4 helmsmen, 100 rowers and 25 singers. After the watersport there is an elaborate feast in the Aranmula temple.

Arimeya Vinnagaram

Description: Five Divya Desam Temples are located in close proximity in the town of Tirunangur 8 km east of Sirkazhi. They are Tiruvanpurushottamam, Tiruttetriambalam, Tirumanimaadakkoyil and Arimeya Vinnagaram and Vaikuntha Vinnagaram.

Deities: The Moolavar here is Kudamaadukoothan, in a seated posture facing east, while the Utsavar is Gopalan. Taayaar here is Amritaghatavalli.

The Tirunaangur Divya Desams: This is one of the 11 Tirunaangur Divya Desams in the vicinity of Sirkazhi, glorified by the hymns of - and closely associated with Tirumangaialwar, whose birthplace Tirunagari, is located nearby. 11 Divya Desams in the vicinity of Sirkazhi, Tiruvaali and Tirunagari (the birthplace of Tirumangaialwar) are associated closely with Tirumangaialwar. Legend has it that Shiva performed the Ekadasa Rudra Aswamedha Yagam to rid himself of the blemish of Bhramahatti (killing a Brahmin); Vishnu is believed to have appeared in his presence with Sree Devi, Bhu Devi and Nila Devi at the end of the sacrifice, and upon Shiva's request, taken up 11 abodes here in the Tirunangur area, which correspond to the 11 Tirunaangur Divya Desams held in worship by Rudra.

Only Tirumangaialwar has sung of these 11 Divya Desams. The Tirunaangur Divya Desam shrines are Kavalampaadi, Tiruvanpurushottamam, Arimeya Vinnagaram, Chemponseikoyil, Manimaadakkoyil (Narayanan), Vaikuntha Vinnagaram, Tirudevanaar Togai, Tiruttetriambalam, Manikkootam, Tiruvellakkulam, and Parthanpalli.

Festivals: The Tirumangaialwar Mangalasasana utsavam in the month of Thai (after the new moon night) witnesses Garudasevai - a spectacular event in which festival images of Perumaal from the 11 (Tirunaangur) Divya Desam shrines in the area are brought on Garuda mounts to Tirunangur. An image of Tirumangai Alwar is brought here on a Hamsa Vahanam (from Tirunagari) and the his paasurams (verses) dedicated to each of these 11 Divya Desams are recited. The image of Tirumangaialwar circumambulates each of these deities, and at the conclusion of the festival, the images are returned to their temples. Prior to this, the image of Tirumangaialwar and his consort are taken in a palanquin to each of the 11 Tirunangur Divya Desams, (trampling) through the paddy fields in the area, and the paasurams dedicated to each of the 11 Divya Desams are chanted in the respective shrines. The Ekadasa Garuda Sevai is the most important festival in this area, and it draws thousands of visitors.

Ashtabhuyakaram

Description: This Divya desam is located in the temple town of Kanchipuram, 1.5 km west of the Varadaraja Perumal temple.

The Divya Desams revered by the Alwars in Vishnu Kanchi are Attigiri (the vast Varadaraja Perumal temple), Ashtabuyakaram, Tiruttankaa, Tiruvelukkai and Tiruvegkaa, while those in Shiva Kanchi are Tiru Oorakam (Ulagalanda Perumaal Koyil), Tiru Neeragam, Tiruppaatakam, Nilaattingal Tundam, Tirukkaaragam, Tirukkaarvaanam, Tirukkalvanur, Tiruppavalavannam and Parameswara Vinnagaram. The vast Ekambreswarar temple (Prithvi Stalam) revered by the Tevaram hymns, is located in Periya (Shiva) Kanchi, as are the Kamakshiamman and the Kanda Kottam temples.

Deities: The Moolavar here is Adikesava Perumal also known as Gajendravaradan or Chakradharar, in a standing posture facing west. Taayaar here is Alarmelmangai or Padmasini. The image of Adikesava Perumal has 8 arms, with 8 weapons (the discus, sword, a flower, an arrow, the conch, a bow, a shield and a mace). The Utsavar has 4 arms bearing a mace and a spear.

Legends: This temple is associated with the legend of Gajendra Moksham, where it is believed that a devout elephant Gajendran, who was in the habit of making an offering of lotus flowers from the Ashtabhuja temple tank, to Vishnu was caught by the grip of a crocodile. The pleas of the elephant were answered by Vishnu who vanquished the crocodile with his disc.

This temple covers an area of about an acre. Bhramotsavam is celebrated in the month of Chittirai, and Gajendramoksham in Aadi.

Ayodhya (Tiruvayodhi)

Description: Ayodhya is considered to be one of the 7 Muktistalams of India. Ayodhya is believed to be a component of Vaikuntham, given to Manu by Vishnu, and installed on the banks of the Sarayu. Ayodhya is very closely associated with the story of Rama (as told in the timeless Indian epic Ramayana). Ayodhya is located in Uttar Pradesh and is visited by thousands of pilgrims throughout the year.

The Tamil Alwars have mentioned Ayodhya in their works; Nammalwar, Tirumangaialwar and Tondaradippodialwar in one poem each; while Periyalwar and Kulasekharalwar have six and four poems each, mentioning Ayodhya. The Ramayana dates way back in time. The Alwars lived in the latter half of the first millennium CE.

The Ammaji Temple is a temple built embracing South Indian architecture, at a much later date, at Ayodhya, on the banks of the Sarayu river. Ranganathar and Rama are enshrined here. Rama is enshrined in a seated posture facing North. Worship services are conducted here by South Indian Sree Vaishnava priests.

There are several temples and shrines related to Rama, Sita, Lakshmana, and Hanuman in the ancient town of Ayodhya.

Badrinath (Tiruvadariashramam)

Description: Badrinath, located in the lofty Himalayan heights 10,400 feet above sea level is a pilgrimage center held in the greatest esteem all over India. It is an arduous mountain route to Badrinath from Rishikesh or Haridwar in the Garwahl Himalayan region, where roads get blocked with landslides during the monsoon season. Badrinath stays closed 6 months a year from Deepavali all the way until the full moon day in the month of Chittirai (late spring in the Himalayas).

Enroute are the pilgrimage sites of Devaprayag, Rudraprayag, Karana Prayag, Nanda Prayag and Vishnuprayag. Enroute are Pandukeswar where the Pandavas are believed to have been born, and the site where Bhima and Hanuman (sons of Vayu) met.

Hot water springs of Taptakundam are seen on the banks of the Alakananda at Badrinath. The lofty peaks Neelakanta Parvatam and Nara Narayana Parvatam are visible from the temple.

The image of Badrinarayanar here is fashioned out of Saligramam. Badrinarayana is seen under the badari tree, flanked by Kuberan and Garudan, Naradar, Narayana and Nara. Mahalakshmi (referred to as Aravindavalli in the Sree Vaishnava tradition) has a sanctum in the prakaram. There is also a shrine to Adi Sankara.

The Brahma Kapalam north of the temple on the banks of the Ganga, is the site of performance of remembrance rites for the ancestors. Behind the temple of Badrinarayana is the Lakshmi Narasimha mandir, with shrines to Desikacharyar and Ramanujacharya.

Tirumangaialwar the Tamil Alwar saint of the 9th century CE, mentions Badri in his work Siriya Tirumadal, and praises its glory in two decads of 10 verses each. In one of the verses, of a decad of paasurams dedicated to Tirukkandam, Periyalwar states that Vishnu enshrined in Mathura, Salagramam, Dwaraka, Ayodhya and Sree Vaikuntam is the same as the one (Purushottaman) enshrined in Tirukkandam or Kadinagar (Devaprayag).

Devaprayag (Tirukkandam)

Description: Devaprayag in the Himalayas at a height of 1700 feet above sea level, where Alakananda and Bhagirathi merge to form the Ganges, is considered to be a pilgrimage center of great significance.. It is held in reverence all over India, and is a resting point for pilgrims bound to (and from) Badrinath and is located at a distance of 70 km from Rishikesh enroute to Badrinath.

There is an ancient temple established by Adi Sankaracharya here, enshrining Rama (Raghunathji); there are also shrines to Hanuman, Badrinathji, Kaala Bhairavar, and Shiva here. Brahma, Dasaratha and Rama are said to have prayed here.

Periyalwar of the 1st millennium CE, composed in Tamil, a decad of 10 verses praising the glory of Tirukkandam as a shrine on the banks of the Ganges. These verses state that Vishnu enshrined in Mathura, Salagramam, Dwaraka, Ayodhya and Sree Vaikuntam is the same as the one (Purushottaman) enshrined in Tirukkandam or Kadinagar. Devaprayag is considered to be Tirukkandam or Kadinagar.

Dwarka (Tiru Dwarakai)

Description: Dwarka is considered to be one of the 7 Mukti Stala pilgrimage centers of India and is located on the west coast of India in Gujarat on the extreme western tip of the Kathiawar peninsula. Nearby is Somnath, again one of the prime pilgrimage centers of India, of great historic and religious significance. Adi Sankara established one of his four Peethams here at Dwarka, the other three being Sringeri, Puri and Joshi Mutt.

Legend has it that Krishna built the city of Dwarka with the aid of Viswakarma (off of the west coast of India) as his capital, after moving from Mathura. The Dwarkadeesh temple has a five storeyed tower supported by 60 columns. This temple is known as the Jagat Mandir and is believed to have been built by Sambha, the grandson of Krishna. Visitors enter through the Swarga Dwar and exit through the Moksha Dwar here.

The Rukmini temple here is believed to be 1600 years old. The Gomati Sangamam where the river Gomati reaches the sea is located close by. A little north of Dwarka, one can ferry across to Bet - Dwarka island where Krishna killed the demon Shankhasura. There are shrines to Rukmini, Trivikrama, Devaki, Jambavati, Lakshmi Narayan and other deities here. There is another temple to Rukmini, believed to be the site of Krishna's marriage with her. Archeological excavations have revealed five earlier cities here, all submerged now.

The Tamil Alwars of the first millennium CE have sung of Dwarka in a total of 13 verses, in which Nammalwar refers to Krishna as the Lord of Dwaraka.

Joshimath (Tiruppirudi)

Description: Joshimath is nestled in the Himalayas at a height of 6150 feet above sea level, enroute to Badrinath from Rishikesh. Joshimath is considered to be a center of great significance for pilgrims traveling in the Garhwal region of Uttarpradesh. There are temples to Narasimha and Vasudeva, built by Adi Sankaracharya here. Joshimath, is the first mutt established by Shri Adi Sankara, and is located at a distance of 14 kms from Helang enroute to Badri 6150 feet above sea level. Adi Sankara authored Sri Sankara Bhashyam here.

In the temple for Narasimha is enshrined Badrinarayan along with a pantheon of deities. The presiding deity Lord Narasimha is believed to have been established by Adi Sankara. Joshimath is surrounded on three sides by the snow clad Trishul (7250m) in the south, Badri Peaks (7100 m) in the NW, and Kamat (7750m) in the north.

Tirumangaialwar: Tirumangaialwar the Alwar Saint of the 9th century CE, sings in Tamil in ten verses, of Vishnu (Rama) at Tiruppirudi. Tirumangaialwar refers to Vishnu as Rama, Krishna and as 'Paraman' reclining on the thousand headed serpent. It is widely interpreted that Tirumangaialwar has sung of Vasudeva here in his decad of 10 verses. Another school of thought holds that Nandaprayag - the confluence of rivers Nandakini and Alakananda. situated at a distance of 190 kms from Rishikesh. is Tiruppirudi. .There is a temple to Gopala at Nandaprayag.

Kaazhicheeraama Vinnagaram

Description: This Divya Desam is located in the town of Sirkazhi known for its Shivastalam - a vast temple complex enshrining Bhramapureeswarar, Toniappar and Sattainathar. Sirkazhi is also the birthplace of the Saivite saint Tirugnanasambandar.

Deities: The Moolavar here is Trivikraman - in the gesture of dominating the three worlds - facing east; Taayaar here is Lokanayaki. The Utsavars are Trivikrama Narayanan and Mattavizhkuzhali. The other Divya Desams enshrining Trivikrama are Tiru Oorakam (Kanchipuram), Tirukkovilur and Tiruneermalai. The image above is that of the grand Ulagalanda Perumal temple complex at Tirukkovilur.

Kapistalam

Description: This Divya Desam is located at a distance of 3km from Paapanasam near Thanjavur, Kumbhakonam.

Deities: The moolavar here is Gajendra Varadan, in a reclining posture facing east and the Taayaar is Ramaamanivalli or Potraamaraiyaal. There are also shrines to Andal and Santanakrishnan.

Legend has it that Vishnu saved Gajendran, the king of elephants from the clutches of a crocodile, upon hearing his prayers. A similar legend also holds at the Varadaraja Perumal temple at Kanchipuram. Vaali and Sugreevan (Kapi - monkey) are believed to have worshipped Vishnu here hence the name Kapistalam.

Festivals: Gajendra Moksham is enacted in the month of Pankuni. Other festivals celebrated here include Vaikuntha Ekadasi, Rama Navami and Akshaya Tritiyai.

Manimaadakkoyil

Deities: The Moolavar here is Narayanan (Nandavilakku - Nara Narayanan) in a seated posture facing east. There are two Utsavars by name Narayanan and Alattarkariyaan. Taayaar here is known as Pundareekavalli Taayaar.

This temple has 2 prakarams. Chola inscriptions from the 10th century are seen in the temple. Legend has it that Indra worshipped Vishnu here. It is also believed that Badrinarayanar came down here to bless Matanga Muni.

The Tirunaangur Divya Desams: This is one of the 11 Tirunaangur Divya Desams in the vicinity of Sirkazhi, glorified by the hymns of - and closely associated with Tirumangaialwar, whose birthplace Tirunagari, is located nearby. 11 Divya Desams in the vicinity of Sirkazhi, Tiruvaali and Tirunagari (the birthplace of Tirumangaialwar) are associated closely with Tirumangaialwar. Legend has it that Shiva performed the Ekadasa Rudra Aswamedha Yagam, to rid himself of the blemish of Bhramahatti; Vishnu is believed to have appeared in his presence with Sree Devi, Bhu Devi and Nila Devi at the end of the sacrifice, and upon Shiva's request, taken up 11 abodes here in the Tirunangur area, which correspond to the 11 Tirunaangur Divya Desams held in worship by Rudra.

Festivals: The Tirumangaialwar Mangalasasana utsavam in the month of Thai (after the new moon night) witnesses Garudasevai - a spectacular event in which festival images of Perumaal from the 11 (Tirunaangur) Divya Desam shrines in the area are brought on Garuda mounts to Tirunangur. An image of Tirumangai Alwar is brought here on a Hamsa Vahanam (from Tirunagari) and the his paasurams (verses) dedicated to each of these 11 Divya Desams are recited. The image of Tirumangaialwar circumambulates each of these deities, and at the conclusion of the festival, the images are returned to their temples. Prior to this, the image of Tirumangaialwar and his consort are taken in a palanquin to each of the 11 Tirunangur Divya Desams, (trampling) through the paddy fields in the area, and the paasurams dedicated to each of the 11 Divya Desams are chanted in the respective shrines. The Ekadasa Garuda Sevai is the most important festivals in this area, and it draws thousands of visitors.

Mathura (Vada Madurai)

Description: Mathura and Brindavan in Uttar Pradesh are intimately connected with the life of Krishna and are considered to be amongst the holiest of pilgrimage sites of the Hindus. The Gopas shifted to Brindavan following several calamities at Gokul. Brindavan was a lush site, on the banks of the river Yamuna.

Legend has it that Shatrugna, brother of Rama, vanquished the demon Lavanasuran, and built the picturesque city of Mathura on the banks of the Yamuna river. Govardhan hill is located 26 km from Mathura while Brindavan is at a distance of 10 km from Mathura. Mathura has been mentioned by Ptolemy and by the Chinese traveller Hyuen Tsang (7th century CE). Mathura was once a Buddhist center.

Krishna's leelas with Radha have been the subject of literature all over India; especially that of Jayadeva. Radha is considerd to be one of the Shaktis of Vishnu; born as the daughter of King Vrishabhanu and his wife Kalavati, certain legends assert that she was married to Krishna. She is also known as Brindavani or Brinda. Radha is considered to be a manifestation of Lakshmi. The Brindavan refers to a sacred Tulsi forest. Raas Leela on Sharad Poornima (full moon night in the month Oct 15-Nov 15) or during Holi is of great importance here.

Temples from the 16th century CE are seen here. The chief temples here are those of Govindadev, Radha Vallabh, Gopinath, Jugalkishore and Madanmohan. There are more than a thousand temples and 32 ghats in this town. There are also temples to Rangaji, and those built by Lal Babu the Maharaja of Gwalior. The red stone temple of Govindaji is an impressive one built in 1590 under the direction of two gurus, Rupa and Sanatana. The image of Govindadevji apparently was moved to Jaipur fearing Aurangazeb. The Rangadev temple in the Sri Vaishnava tradition was built by Seth Govindadas and Radhakrishna in the south Indian architectural style.

Virtually every site in Mathura is associated with legends related to Krishna. The Dwarkadeesh temple in Mathura is a modern temple. The Gita Mandir is located on the Mathura Brindavan road. Gokul near Mathura, is where Krishna was raised; Mahaban is said to be the seat of the palace of Nanda, Krishna's foster father. Barsana is said to be the original home of Radha.

Most temples in the town of Brindavan are associated with several of the leelas of Krishna at Brindavan. Brindavan became a center of religion from the 15th century onward. The Ramanuja Sampradaya and the Nimbarka Vishnava Sampradaya (performing Sankirtans primarily) and the Madhva sampradaya (which worships Krishna without Radha), the Vallabha and Chaitanya traditions are the leading Vaishnava sampradayas here.

Perialwar, Andal, Tondaradippodiyalwar, Tirumangaialwar and Nammalwar of the first millennium CE, have sung in chaste Tamil, of the life of Krishna in Mathura-Govardhan-Brindavan in a total of 50 verses. The ancient pilgrimage town of Mathura (Vrindavan) in Uttar Pradesh, is the site of what is considered to be the Vada Madurai Divyadesam. The Rangamandir, enshrines Ranganathar, Andal and Venkatachalapati. Worship services are conducted here by Tamil Sree Vaishnava priests.

Moozhikkalam (Tirumoozhikkalam)

Description: The Lakshmana Perumal temple is located at Tirumoozhikkalam near Alwaye. The presiding deity Lakshmana Perumal is considered to be none other than Vishnu. The Triprayar Rama temple and the Koodalmanikyam Bharata temple are related shrines located in this part of Kerala.

This is an ancient temple, glorified by the Tamil hymns (Tiruvaimozhi) of Nammalwar one of the 12 Vaishnavite Alwars of the 1st millennium CE.

This shrine is associated with legends from the Ramayanam. Legend has it that while Bharata the brother of Rama and Lakshmana, came to invite Rama, then in exile, to take over the reins of the kingdom, an angry Lakshmana suspecting Bharata's intentions, offered prayers to Vishnu at Tirumoozhikkalam; however, Bharata's innocence was very soon revealed, and then the two of them offered worship together at Tirumoozhikkalam.

Inscriptions from the 11th century CE are seen in this temple. A vritta (circular) vimanam crowns this temple whose base is of stone, and the rest of the superstructure being laterite, stucco and timber.

Naimisaranya (Tirunaimisaranyam)

Description: Vishnu is considered to be an Aranya Swaroopi, or in other words, the forest of Naimisaranyam, hallowed earlier on by the discourses on the great epics of India, by Vyasa Muni and Suka Muni - is considered as a manifestation of Vishnu and held in reverence and worship. The forest is considered to have been the abode of 60000 sages. Naimisaranyam is located at the junction of the roads from Sitapur and Khairabad, 20 miles from Sitapur and 24 miles from the Sandila railway station, 45 miles north of Lucknow in Uttarpradesh. Naimisaranya is also known as Nimsar or Nimkhar and is located on the left bank of the river Gomati. This place has also been visited by Sankaracharya; Surdas resided here.

Legends: The word Naimis has been spelt in two ways - Naimis and Naimish. The Vayu Purana and the Brahmanda Purana state that Brahma sent out a manomaya wheel (chakram) after worshipping Shiva, and that this wheel after moving around reached Naimisaranya where its rim was shattered, and that the sages following this wheel bright as the sun, stopped at Naimisaranya and settled here and so did several of the sacred thirthams (rivers).

The Varaha Purana says that the entire army of Danavas was destroyed at this place in one nimisha, hence the name Naimisharanya.

Naimisaranya: A more recent work, the Ain I Akbari, describes Nimkhar as a large fort and a religious resort with the Brahmavartakundh tank with a strong currrent, which ejects anything that is thrown into it. This work also speaks of a natural stream held in reverence. It also speaks of the sand taking the natural shape of Shiva.

The reservoir mentioned here is the Chakra Theertham, where the wheel of Brahma fell. It is also the place where Vishnu flung his discus at the demons. The chakra theertham is hexagonal in shape. There are other sacred tanks such as the Pancha Prayag, the Godavar, Kasi, Gangotri and Gomati. The Gomukhi river flows here.

Temples: There are temples to Chakranarayana, Ganesh, Ram, Lakshman here. Enroute to the river, there is a shrine to Veda Vyasa. There is also the Puran Mandir. The Mahabharat was recited here, and Naimisaranya is mentioned frequently in both the Mahabharat and the Ramayana. The chakratheertha is considered very holy, and a dip here on Somavati Amavasya is considered to be sacred, but many people take a dip whenever they can. The chief temple here is that of Lalita Devi. Large crowds collect here on new moon days.

The parikrama fair begins at Nimkhar and ends at Misraka; crowds collect here in the bright half of the month of Phalguna, and visit Korauna, Haraiya, Sakin, Dahi, Gomati and Deogaon and a few other sites and visit Nimkhar and Misrikh. Misrikh houses the Dadichi Kund. Legend has it that sage Dadichi gave up his material body, so that his bones could be used in the preparation of a missile to destroy demons. The Hatyaharana Thirtham here at Misraka is of great importance; where Rama is believed to have bathed to purify himself of the sin of having killed Ravana.

Tirumangaialwar of the 9th century CE has sung of Naimisaranyam in chaste Tamil in a total of 10 verses, as one of the abodes of Vishnu. Tirumangai Alwar refers to Vishnu as 'Naimisaaranyattull en Taai'. An Ahobila Madam and a Ramanuja Kootam in the Sree Vaishnavite tradition are located here.

Parameswara Vinnagaram

Description: This Divya Desam is the celebrated Vaikuntha Perumaal Temple, built by the Pallava Emperors who also built the Kailasanathar Temple at Kanchipuram.

Deities: The Moolavar here is Vaikuntha Nathan or Paramapada Naathan in a seated posture facing west, and Taayaar here is Vaikuntha Valli in a separate shrine.

The Temple: This temple is regarded as a grand specimen of Pallava architecture. It has a three layered Ashtanga Vimanam. The lowermost level enshrines the seated image of Vishnu, while the ones above enshrine Vishnu in reclining and standing postures respectively. The images in the upper levels are not worshipped. (This is similar to the arrangement in the Koodalazhagar temple at Madurai). This temple was constructed by Nandi Varma Pallavan II (717-779 CE) and it covers an area of about 3 acres.

Legend has it that the Dwarapalakas of Vishnu were reborn as the children of the king of Vidarbha - Villavan and Pallavan. These Princes, are said to have performed the Aswamedha sacrifice here, and Vishnu is said to have appeared in front of them in answer to their prayers.

Festivals:: Two worship services are offered each day. The annual Bhramotsavam is celebrated in the month of Vaikasi as in the Varadarajaswamy Temple, and Vaikuntha Ekadasi is celebrated in the month of Markazhi.

Saalagraam (Tiruchaalagraaamam) [Multinath]

Description: Muktinath is a pilgrimage shrine located 140 miles from Kathmandu in the snow clad Himalayas. It is located near the Gandaki river famous for the Salagrama stones found within. River Gandaki is also known as Narayani or Salagrami. Muktinath is also one of the 51 Sakthi Peethams of India. About 16 miles from Muktinath is the Damodara Kundam, the source of this river. The Salagrama stones held in worship are found in this part of Nepal.

The Tamil Alwars of the 1st millennium CE have sung of Salagramam in the Naalayira Divya Prabandam. Periyalwar refers to Krishna as Salagramamudaiya Nambi in one of his verses dedicated to Krishna, in a decad describing Krishna as a child. In another verse, in a decad describing Tirukkandam or Kadinagar, he refers to Salagramam with the comment that Vishnu enshrined in Mathura, Salagramam, Dwaraka, Ayodhya and Sree Vaikuntam is the same as the one (Purushottaman) enshrined in Tirukkandam or Kadinagar (Devaprayag). Tirumangaialwar in his decad of verses declares that Salgramam is home to Rama and that the deity of Kudandai and Ooragam resides at Salagramam.

There is no firm agreement on the whereabouts of the Sree Vaishnava Divya Desam Tiruchaalagramam. One school of thought considers Muktinath in the snow clad Himalayas in Nepal to be Salagramam, while another considers the bank of the Gandaki river enroute to Muktinath from Kathmandu as Tiruchaalagraamam.

Srivilliputtur (Tiruvilliputtur)

Description: Srivilliputtur the birthplace of Andal, is considered to be among the holiest of the 108 Divya Desam shrines dedicated to Vishnu. This is the birthplace of Andal and Periyalwar and is closely associated with the life of Andal, who attained Vishnu's hand in marriage. As in Srirangam and Alwar Tirunagari, Araiyar Sevai where the Alwar Paasurams are recited with expression, music and rhythm - is performed here. Also in Srivilliputtur is the Madavar Vilagam Vaidyanathar temple enshrining a six feet high monolithic image of Natarajar considered to be a masterpiece. This temple was also patronized by the Madurai Nayak kings.

Deities: The Moolavar here is Vatapatrasayee in a reclining posture facing east, while Taayaar here is Andal. There are shrines to Andal (where she was discovered in a garden) and Periyalwar here.

Legends: The name Villiputtur stems from the legend that this town was built by two hunters Villi and Puttan. Legend has it that Periyalwar, a devotee of Vatapatrasaayee, served the temple by fashioning garlands out of fresh flowers from the garden which he maintained. Andal his daughter (discovered in the temple garden) was in the habit of wearing the garland prior to submitting them to the deity. An aghast Periyalwar tried to stop Andal's deed, and was directed by the deity that he indeed preferred garlands which had been worn by Andal, and hence Andal's name 'Soodittanda Sudarkkodi'. It is believed that Andal left her mortal body and merged with Ranganathar.

Andal is the author of Tiruppaavai, the celebrated collection of 30 poems sung especially in the month of Margazhi, the month considered special for the observance of Paavai Nonbu.

The temple: 8th century inscriptions are seen in this temple which underwent extensive renovations during the Madurai Nayak period. This temple has among the tallest towers in Tamil Nadu. The 12 tiered Rajagopuram rises to a height of 192 feet. Exquisite carvings adorn the temple.

Festivals: Six worship services are carried out each day. Annual festivals are celebrated in the months of Aadi and Margazhi.

Talaichchanga Naanmadiyam

Description: This Divya Desam is located in the village of Talaichchangaadu, near Aakkur, near Sirkazhi. Sirkazhi is located on the route between Chidambaram and Mayiladuturai. The Tiruttalaichankaadu Shivastalam glorified by the Tevaram hymns is also located here.

Deities: The Moolavar is Naanmadiyapperumaal (Venchudarpperumaal) in a standing posture facing east; Taayaar here is Talaichchanga Naachiyaar. The Utsavars are Vyomajyotipiraan and Senkamalavalli. A priceless conch adorns the image of Naanmadiyapperumal; the image of Andal here is of great beauty. The legend in the Shivastalam enshrining Shankharunaatheswarar in this village holds that Vishnu was blessed with a conch (the foremost of all conches - Talai Changu) upon worshipping Shiva. Tiruttalaichankaadu is also known as Shankharanyam or Shankhuvanam.

Thanjai Maamanikoyil

Description: This is a actually a cluster of three temples, considered to be one Divya Desam, sung by Tirumangaialwar, Bhootattalwar and Nammalwar. Nammalwar refers to Manikkunram, while Bhootattalwar refers to Thanjai. Tirumangaialwar refers to Thanjai Maamanaikkoyil, and Manikunram. These temples are located in the outskirts of Thanjavur (the ancient Chola capital - known for its architectural masterpiece - The Brihadeeswarar Temple) in a suburb by name Vennatrankarai.

Legend has it that Vishnu took the Narasimha Avataram to vanquish a demon elephant by name Tanjakan; upon his request, Vishnu took abode here in this stalam which came to be known as Thanjavur.

The first of the three temples, the Maamanikkoyil enshrines Neelamegapperumaal in a sitting posture facing east, and his consort is Senkamalavalli. Parasarar is said to have worshipped here. Also here are shrines to Lakshmi Narasimhar and Lakshmi Hayagrivar. There is also a beautiful image of Nartana Krishna here.

The second temple is known as Manikkunram. Manikkunrapperumaal is enshrined here in a seated posture, facing east. His consort is Ambujavalli. The theertham here is the Rama theertham and the vimanam Manikkoota Vimanam. Markandeya is believed to have worshipped here.

The third is Thanjaiyali Nagar, enshrining a seated image of Narasimhar whose consort is Thanjai Nayaki. The theertham here is Surya Pushkarini, and the vimanam Vedasundara Vimanam. Markandeyar is believed to have worshipped here. The Utsavar in all of these temples is known as Narayanan.

The temples date back to the period of the Nayakas of Madurai. The Veda Sundara Vimanam above the Veerasinga Perumaal shrine is of great beauty. These temples are administered by the Tanjavur palace.

Thiru Aadanoor

Description: This Divyadesam is located at a distance of about 3km from Swamimalai near Kumbhakonam.

Deities: The Moolavar here is Aandalakkumaiyan (Aadanoorai Aandu Alakkum Aiyan) in a reclining posture, facing East. Taayaar here is Ranganayaki. The Vimanam and the Theertham as well as Taayaar bear the same names as in Srirangam. Also in the sanctum are images of Kamadhenu and Tirumangaialwar.

Legend has it that Kamadhenu worshipped Vishnu here.

Thirucherai

Description: This Divyadesam is located in Tirucherai, near 4km north Kodavasal and 15 km south of Kumbhakonam. In this town, is also the Tirucherai Shivastalam, enshrining Gnana Parameswarar (Senneriappar), glorified by the Tevaram hymns of Sambandar and Appar.

Deities: The Moolavar here is Saranathan, in a standing posture facing east; Taayaar is known by the name Saranayaki.

Legends: Vishnu here is believed to have been worshipped by Markandeya and Kaveriamman. At the Tirucherai Shivastalam, it is believed that Shiva was worshipped by Kaveri and Markandeya. Legend also has it that during the time of the great deluge, a pot fashioned out of clay, was used to rescue and preserve the Vedas. It is believed that none of the pots made by Brahma would last, and that he was directed by Vishnu to proceed to Tirucherai (Saara Kshetram) and make a pot out of the clay on the banks of the Kaveri.

This temple with 2 prakarams has a 90 feet high Rajagopuram. There is a shrine to Yoga Narasimha here. Shrines to Lakshmi are in the Mahamandapam. There are also shrines to Rajagopala with his consorts and to Tiruvenkatamudaiyaan and the Alwars. Legend has it that this temple was built with a part of the granite meant for building the Rajagopala temple at Manargudi, and hence the shrine to Rajagopala here. There are shrines to Kaveriamman and Anjaneyar near the temple tank.

Festivals: Six worship services are offered each day here. The grand chariot festival happens on Thaippoosam, in the Tamil month of Thai, when Saranathan is taken in procession in a chariot with Sree Devi, Bhu Devi, Neela Devi, Mahalakshmi and Saranayaki.

Thiruchirupuliyur

Description: This Divyadesam is located on the Mayiladuturai Tiruvarur railroad, accessed easily from Mayiladuturai. Sirupuliyur is also known as Chalasayanam or Bala Vyagrapuram.

Deities: The moolavar here is Arulmaakadal or Chalasayanapperumaal in a reclining posture facing south. Taayaar here is Tirumaamagal Naachiyaar. The utsavars are Kripasamudra Perumaal and Dayaanayaki.

Legend has it that Vyagrapada, a devotee of the Cosmic Dance of Shiva here, worshipped Vishnu here.

The Temple: This is the smallest of the images of Vishnu in a reclining posture, in all of the Divya Desam shrines. This temple with 2 prakarams has a 75 feet high Rajagopuram. Taayaar's shrine is located in the 2nd prakaram. The festival images here are of great workmanship. Murals depicting the 10 avataras of Vishnu adorn the inner prakaram. The vimanam over the sanctum is of great beauty.

Festivals: The annual Brahmotsavam is celebrated in the month of Vaikasi.

Thirukannagudi

Description: This Divyadesam is located near Nagappattinam, between the towns Keevalur and Sikkal both enshrining Shivastalams glorified by the Tevaram hymns.

Deities: The Moolavar here is Lokanathan or Syamalameni Perumaal in a standing posture facing east while the Utsavar is Damodara Narayanan. Taayaar here is Aravindavalli, and the Utsava Taayaar is Lokanayaki.

Legend has it that Bhrigu Muni, Goutama Rishi and Brahma worshipped Vishnu here. Legend also has it that Vashishtar created an image of Krishna of butter and meditated upon it. It is believed that Krishna appeared in front of Vasishtar, who reached out to him; a group of rishis engaged in meditation under the Magizha trees held Krishna, with their devotion, which served as the 'Paasa Kayiru'. Hence the name Tirukkannankudi. Interestingly Vasishtar is believed to have meditated upon a Shivalingam which he fashioned out of butter, at Sikkal nearby. Tirumangai Alwar is believed to have hidden a golden image of Buddha - here at Tirukkannankudi which he had brought from a vihara at Nagappattinam for the purpose of building the walls of the Srirangam temple.

Thirukannamangai

Description: This Divyadesam is located 6 km north west of Tiruvarur; at a distance of about 24km from Tirucherai. It is a grand temple with impressive sculptures.

Deities: The Moolavar here is Bhaktavatsala Perumal in a standing posture facing east while Abhishekavalli is the presiding Taayaar here.

Legends: Lakshmi is said to have worshipped Vishnu here, and hence the name Lakshmivanam. It is believed that Shiva protects this shrine, from four temples located around here.

The temple: Sculptured images of Vaikunthanathan, and Mahavishnu on the Garuda mount are of great beauty here. This shrine is also referred to as Saptamrita Kshetram thanks to the celebrated nature of 7 of its elements such as Vimanam, Mandapam, river, town, etc. Belief also has it that residing in this town would enable one to be liberated of the cycle of births and deaths. A large beehive is located in the sanctum of Abhishekavalli Taayaar, and it is believed that the rishis in the form of bees offer worship to the deity. Worship is offered to the beehive also. Six worship services are offered each day here.

Thirukoodalur

Description: This Divyadesam is located at Tirukkoodaloor, at a distance of about 12 km from Tiruvaiyaru, enroute to Kumbhakonam. Tirukkoodaloor is also known as Aaduturaipperumaal Koyil or Sangama Kshetram. Rani Mangammal is believed to have built the present temple at the Perumal Koyil village near Papanasam. The images here are said to have been recovered from the original temple which was washed away in the Kollidam river floods.

Deities: The moolavar here is Vaiyamkaatta Perumaal or Jagatrakshakan in a standing posture, facing east. The Utsavar goes by the same name. Taayaar here is Padmasini or Pushpavalli. There are shrines to Varadarajaperumal, Andal and the Awars.

The Temple: A five tiered Rajagopuram adorns the entrance to this temple built in the 15th century. Images of the ministers of Rani Mangammal, are seen carved on pillars in one of the mandapams in the temple.

Legends: It is believed that the Devas, with Nandakamuni gathered here to worship Vishnu and hence the name Koodalur. The Kaveri river is said to have regained its glow here.

Festivals: Four worship services are offered each day, and the annual Brahmotsavam is celebrated in the month of Vaikasi.

Thirukudandai

Description: This celebrated Vaishnava Divya Desam is located in the temple town of Kumbhakonam or Kudandai. The Pancharanga Kshetrams along the course of the Kaveri are Srirangapatnam (Karnataka), Srirangam, Koyiladi (Anbil) and Kumbhakonam and Indalur (Mayiladuturai).

Also located in Kumbhakonam are the Kumbheswarar temple, the Nageswarar temple and the Kudandaikkaronam Shivastalams. Also in Kudandai is the Ramaswamy temple, full of rich and elaborate sculptures, dating back to the seventeenth century.

Legend has it that there was a deluge after the Dwapara Yugam; a pot of nectar and the seeds of creation were placed in a pot (kudam) and set adrift in the deluge. The drifting pot settled at Kumbhakonam; and Shiva as Kiratamurthy, bearing a bow pierced the pot with an arrow, and spilt the nectar which flowed all over. The bulk of it flowed into what is now the Mahamagam tank. It is believed that all river Goddesses live in this tank. It is believed that the remnants of the nectar were mixed with sand, and the Shiva lingam representing Adi Kumbheswarar was created out of it. The Mahamagam tank is a scene of great festivity once in 12 years, in the month of Aquarius, when the moon and the planet Jupiter align themselves in the zodiac signs of Leo. Hundreds of thousands congregate then to have a sacred bath, when the festival image of Shiva from the Kumbheswara temple is taken in procession to this tank on a silver rishabha vaahanam.

Legend also has it Bhrigu Muni entered Vaikuntham; and out of arrogance kicked Vishnu on his chest, at having not been recognized and welcomed. Lakshmi left for the earth and settled on the banks of the Kumbhakonam tank. Bhrigu Muni was reborn as Hema Rishi, and offered penance; Lakshmi was reborn as his daughter, in the Mahamagam lotus tank, and he offered her in marriage to Sarangapani. Vishnu, bears the sarangam bow in his hand.

On the banks of the Mahamagam tank, are several mandapams built by Govinda Deekshitar (a minister of the Nayaks of Madurai who is also credited with building the Ramaswamy temple here at Kumbhakonam) , for the reception of deities during festivals.

The Temple: The Sarangapani temple is of great religious significance, considered to be second only to the Sri Rangam temple. The Vaideeka Vimanam of this temple is considered to be an offshoot of the Sri Rangam Pranava vimanam, and a replica of the vimanam presented to Vibhishana of Sri Lanka by Rama. It is conceived of as a chariot with wheels drawn by horses and elephants, in a scale grander than that of the Melakkadambur temple built by Kulottunga I (early 12th century).

This vimanam has two gateways (as in Tiruvellarai), the northern gate, or the Uttarayana vaasal, open on Makara Sankaranti, and the Dakshinayana Vaayil, opened on Aadi Perukku, the 18th day of the Tamil month of Aadi. The earliest of the Alwars Peyalwar and Bhutattalwar have sung of this temple. So have Periyalwar, Andal and Tirumangai Alwar (8th century). Tirumazhisai Alwar spent his last years and attained salvation here. Nammalwar has also sung of this temple. It is at this temple that the Vaishnavite savant Nada Muni, was inspired to compile the works of the Alwars, upon listening to the Tamil hymn 'Aaravamude' composed by Nammalwar. Nadamuni spent his last years at the Chola capital of Gangaikonda Choleeswaram.

Although the temple existed during the Pallava period, the current structure is attributable to the period of Vikrama Chola (1121 onwards). Later Cholas built the superstructure of the 11 tiered gopuram, and the tower was actually completed by the Vijayanagar rulers. The tower is about 140 feet in height. There are sculptures depicting the Bharata Natya karanas, as enunciated in the Natya Sastram - on the first tier of the gopuram, in contrast to other temples (such as Chidambaram) where they are seen on walls.

Deities: The moolavar here is Pallikondaar, while the processional deity is Sarangapani, with his consort Komalavalli.

Festivals: Six worship services are offered each day. The first day of Uttarayanam witnesses the silver chariot procession. Bhramotsavam is celebrated in Thai and Chittirai, and Vasantotsavam in Vaikasi. Also celebrated are the Pavitrotsavam in Ani, Navaratri, Pankuni Uttiram, Maasi Magam, and the Dolotsavam in Margazhi. The grand float festival is conducted in the Hema Pushkarini in front of the temple. There are colorful festivals held here and at the Chakrapani temple in Kumbhakonam. The Chittiraitter procession of the Sarangapani temple is of great significance.

Tirumazhisai Alwar refers to seven shrines featuring Vishnu in a reclining position - Tirukkudandai, Tiruvegkaa, Tiruvallur, Tiruvarangam, Tiruppernagar, Anbil and Tirupparkadal in a paasuram.

Thiru Naagai

Description: This Divya Desam is a vast, beautiful temple in the town of Nagappattinam. Also in Nagappattinam is the Vitanka Stalam Naagaikkaronam sung by the Tevaram hymns.

Deities: The Moolavar is Neelamegapperumaal in a standing posture facing east; there are also shrines of Govindaraja Perumal (Veetrirunda Perumal) and Ranganatha in a reclining posture. There is a rare bronze image of Narasimha, shown in the gesture of blessing Prahlada, and vanquishing Hiranyakasipu at the same time. The Utsavar here is Soundaryarajan.

Legend has it that Vishnu was worshipped by Nagarajan here, as in the Shivastalam Naagaikkaaronam. This temple with 3 prakarams has a 7 tiered Rajagopuram which was constructed by during the period of Dutch occupation here. The bronze image of Narasimha here is said to be of great beauty.

Festivals: Six worship services are offered each day here. The annual Bhramotsavam is celebrated in the month of Pankuni; Vaikuntha Ekadasi and Aadi Pooram are other festivals of importance here. Legend has it that it was decreed that the third breast of a local princess would disappear upon her sighting her groom to be. This princess sighted Nagarajan offering worship to Vishnu here at Nagappattinam, and married him, and that Vishnu appeared in front of the couple in three different postures, as seen in the temple and blessed them.

Thiruvelliyankudi

Description: This DivyaDesam is located near Kumbhakonam (enroute to Aaduturai. )

Deities: The Moolavar here is Kolavilli Raman in a reclining posture facing east and the Utsavar is Sringara Sundaran. Taayaar here is Raktavalli. It is believed that visiting this DivyaDesam is equivalent to visiting all of the 108 shrines. Sukran, Brahma, Indra, Parasarar, Mayan, Markandeyar and Bhumi Devi are believed to have worshipped here.

Thiruvindaloor

Description: This Divya Desam is a beautiful temple at Indaloor, a part of Mayiladuturai, known for its famous Shivastalam enshrining Mayuranathar. This is considered to be one of the Pancharangams, the other four being Srirangapatnam (Karnataka), Sri Rangam, Koyiladi (Anbil) and Kumbhakonam (along the course of the river Kaveri).

Deities: The Moolavar here is Parimala Ranganathar also known as Maruviniya Maindan - an imposing 12 feet long image made of green stone, and Sugandhavana Nathan, in a reclining posture facing east. Taayaar here is Parimala Ranganayaki or Chandrasaapa Vimochanavalli or Pudareekavalli. Images of Kaveri and Ganga are seen seated in the sanctum, as is an image of Santana Gopalakrishnan. Brahma is seen depicted on the wall. There are also shrines to Yoga Narasimhar and Chandra.

The Dwajastampa mandapam and the Garuda Mandapam have beautifully sculptured pillars. The Garuda mandapam bears images of the 10 avataras of Vishnu. It is believed that by offering worship to Santana Gopalan in the sanctum, would aid barren couples in begetting progeny.

Legends: Brahma is believed to have learned the process of creation from Ranganathar. The demons Madhu and Kaitabha stole the Vedas, and disappeared into the sea; Vishnu came down in the form of Matsya avatara and restored the Vedas, and restored their fragrance, hence the name Sugandharanyam, and Parimala Ranganathar and Parimala Ranganayaki. Legend also has it that Chandra (the moon) was cured of an affliction after bathing in the Kaveri and offering worship here.

Festivals: Six worship services are offered each day. As with the Mayiladuturai Shivastalam, the entire month of Libra is one of festivities centered around the river Kaveri when festival image is taken every day in procession to the river Kaveri.

Thiruvinnagar

Description: This Divya Desam is located near Tirunageswaram, near Tiruvidaimarudur and Kumbhakonam. It is one of the well known and well visited Divya Desam temples and is considered to be a Prartanaistalam. The name Oppiliappan refers to the presiding deity who is considered comparable to none. Nammalwar refers to Vishnu as Ponnappan, Maniappan, Muttappan, Ennappan and Tiruvinnagarappan.

Deities: The Moolavar Oppiliappan or Uppiliappan - Srinivasan, in a standing posture facing east resembles Venkatachalapati at Tirupati. Taayaar here is Bhumi Devi, enshrined in the same sanctum. Legend has it that Markandeyar, Kaveri and Yama worshipped Vishnu here. It is believed that this shrine is equivalent to Tirupati.

Legend has it that Bhu Devi was reborn as the daughter of Markandeya and that an old man sought her hand in marriage; the sage attempted to stall the marriage by stating that his daughter was not well versed in household duties, and that she would even forget to season food with salt. The old man revealed himself as Vishnu, and took Bhu Devi as his bride. Salt is not included in any of the offerings made to the deity; hence also, the name Uppiliappan.

Festivals: The annual Bhramotsavams are celebrated in the months of Pankuni and Purattasi. The Vasantotsavam is celebrated in Vaikasi, and the Tirukkalyana Utsavam in Aippasi.

Thirukannapuram

Description: This celebrated Divya Desam is located at Tirukkannamangai, near Tiruppugalur, 6 km from Nannilam. Tirukkannapuram is known as Sreematashtaakshara Mahaa Mantrasidhdhi Kshetram and is considered to be the eastern gateway to Sri Rangam. Tirumangai Alwar is said to have been initiated here. Also located nearby is the Ramanadeeswaram Shivastalam sung by the Tevaram hymns of Tirugnanasambandar where Rama is believed to have worshipped Shiva.

Deities: The Moolavar here is Neelamegapperumaal in a standing posture facing east, while the Utsavar is Sowrirajan. Taayaar here is Kannapura Nayaki (Sree Devi, Bhu Devi, Andal, Padmini) enshrined in a separate sanctum.

The temple: The sanctum enshrines Neelamegapperumaal with his consorts. Andal's image is seen to the left of Perumal, while Padmavati Taayar (a local princess born of a fisherman) is located to his right; Vishnu's marriage with Padmavati is represented here. This temple occupies an area of about an acre and a half and it has a 100 feet high Rajagopuram.

Legend has it that the image of Vishnu in the sanctum miraculously showed a growth of hair, in order to protect the words of a devout priest Rangabhattar, hence the name Sowrirajan. Legend also has it that Vishnu blessed Vibhishana here, on a new moon day. Vishnu is believed to have vanquished the demon Veekatakshan with his discus; the image in the sanctum shows him bearing the 'prayoga' chakram. Offerings of Pongal are considered to be of great significance here. Legend has it that a devotee by name Muniyadaraiyaar, who came here with an offering of Pongal, unable to enter a locked temple (after the nightly worship service) was blessed with the miraculous sound of bell chimes from within the temple; this miracle is recounted with the offering of 'Muniyodaram Pongal' during the nightly worship service.

Festivals: Six worship services are offered each day. The Bhramotsavam is celebrated in the month of Vaikasi, and the Mahotsavam in the month of Maasi, where the festival image of Sowrirajan is taken to the seashore, where fishermen join the celebration. The adhyayana utsavam is celebrated in the month of Margazhi.

Thirunandipura Vinnagaram

Description: This Divyadesam is located at Nandipura Vinnagaram near Korukkai, near Kumbhakonam. The name Nandipuram stems from the association with Nandivarama Pallavan, or alternatively from the legend where it is believed that Nandi performed penances in this village.

Deities: The Moolavar here is Jagannatha or Vinnagarapperumaal in a seated posture facing west, while Taayaar here is Shenbagavalli.

The temple: An image of Nandi is seen on one of the walls of the sanctum. It is believed that Vishnu who originally faced the east, turned westward to look at the spectacle of King Sibi, keeping his word to a dove who had filed a grievance to him - placing his entire weight on a balance to compensate for the injury suffered by the bird.

Tirunaraiyur

Description: This Divyadesam is located in Tirunaraiyur, close to the Naraiyur Sidheeswaram Paadal petra stalam. This shrine was sung by Tirumangai Alwar, who refers to Vishnu, Srinivasa at Naraiyur Ninra Nambi. Tirunaraiyur is also known as Sugandhavanam or Sugandhagiri or as Srinivasakshetram. Also located at Tirunaraiyur is Nandipura Vinnagaram, or Naathan Koyil. It is believed that that the Chola King Ko Chenkannan who built 70 madakkoyils (temples at an elevation) to Shiva, worshipped Vishnu here before he started off on battles with the Cheras and the Pandyas. Naachiyaar or Taayaar gets the place of primary importance in this shrine, as implied by the name Naachiyaar Koyil.

Deities: The Moolavar here is Tirunaraiyur Nambi, also known as Sreenivasar or Vasudevar, depicted in the Kalyanakkolam with Vanchulavalli Taayaar (Nambikkai Naachiyaar) in the sanctum.

Legend has it, that Lakshmi was born as Vanchulavalli (at the foot of a Vanchula tree) to Madhava Munivar (also known as Medhavi Munivar). Vishnu came down to the earth and married her here. Brahma is believed to have worshipped Vishnu here. Vishnu is believed to have manifested himself in the Pancha Vyuha forms and married Vanchulavalli; Sankarshana in the east, Pradyumna in the south, Anirudha in the west, Purushottama in the north and Vasudeva in the center. The sculptures of all these deities are found in the garbagriha..

The temple: This temple has five prakarams with mandapams with artistically carved pillars. The garbagriha here is known as the Sreenivasa Vimanam. There is no separate shrine for Vanchulavalli here. It is also believed that there was a shrine to Bhuvarahaperumaal even prior to this legend. There is a separate shrine to the Kal Garudan. There are also shrines to Yoga Narasimha, Veera Hanuman, Rama and Chkrapani. The earliest inscription found here is that of the 13th century, although this temple was in existence during the time of Tirumangai Alwar.

Festivals: The Margazhi Bhrammotsavam (Mukkoti Utsavam) is of great significance here, especially the KalGaruda Vaahana Sevai, where the festival image of Sreenivasar is taken out on a stone Garuda mount. The mount is said to grow exponentially in weight as it is carried out of its sanctum. During this festival, Naachiyar leads the procession on a Hamsa Vaahanam. The Tirukkalyanam is celebrated in the month of Aavani. The Pankuni Bhramotsavam, Vasantotsavam and Krishna Jayanthi are other festivals celebrated here.

Tiruvazhundur

Description: This Divya Desam, known as the Aamaruviyappan temple, is located near Mayiladuturai and is one of the five shrines sacred to Krishna. Also located in this village is the Tiruvazhundur Shivastalam, connected with the legend of Shivas marriage with Parvati, the daughter of Bharata Muni. Tiruvazhundur is the birthplace of Kambar, the author of Ramayanam in Tamil.

Deities: The Moolavar here is Devadiraja in a standing posture facing east. To his right is Prahlada and to his left, Garuda. Kaveri is portrayed worshipping Vishnu in the sanctum. The Utsavar is Aamaruviyappan portrayed as one grazing cattle. Taayaar here is Senkamalavalli.

The Temple: Images of Lakshmi on the vimanam crowning this shrine, are of great beauty. The temple tank is located across the entrance. Images of Kamba and his wife are seen in the temple. Other shrines here include those to Rama, Hanuman, Vasudeva, the Alwars and the Acharyas.

Legend has it that Brahma caused the herds of cattle being grazed by Krishna to disappear and that Krishna caused another herd to be created, upon which Brahma apologized to Krishna, and requested him to take abode at Tiruvazhundur. The chariot of a King by name Oordvaradan is said to have gotten stuck in this town and hence the name Terazhundur.

Festivals: The annual festival is celebrated in the month of Vaikasi. The Kamban festival is celebrated for 3 days in the month of Pankuni.

Tiruchemponsei Kovil

Deities: The Moolavar is Perarulaalan in a standing posture facing east, while the Utsavar is known as Hemarangar or Semponnarangar. Taayaar here is Allimaamalar Naachiyaar.

Legend has it that Rama, on his return from Sri Lanka, after having vanquished Ravana, resided here in the hermitage of a saint by name Dridanetra and that upon his advice fashioned a cow of gold, and donated it to a poor devotee, with which, the devotee built this temple, hence the name Chemponsei Koyil.

The Tirunaangur Divya Desams: This is one of the 11 Tirunaangur Divya Desams in the vicinity of Sirkazhi, glorified by the hymns of - and closely associated with Tirumangaialwar, whose birthplace Tirunagari, is located nearby. 11 Divya Desams in the vicinity of Sirkazhi, Tiruvaali and Tirunagari (the birthplace of Tirumangaialwar) are associated closely with Tirumangaialwar. Legend has it that Shiva performed the Ekadasa Rudra Aswamedha Yagam, to rid himself of the blemish of Brahmahatti; Vishnu is believed to have appeared in his presence with Sree Devi, Bhu Devi and Nila Devi at the end of the sacrifice, and upon Shiva's request, taken up 11 abodes here in the Tirunangur area, which correspond to the 11 Tirunaangur Divya Desams held in worship by Rudra.

Festivals: The Tirumangaialwar Mangalasasana utsavam in the month of Thai (after the new moon night) witnesses Garudasevai - a spectacular event in which festival images of Perumaal from the 11 (Tirunaangur) Divya Desam shrines in the area are brought on Garuda mounts to Tirunangur. An image of Tirumangai Alwar is brought here on a Hamsa Vahanam (from Tirunagari) and the paasurams (verses) dedicated to each of these 11 Divya Desams are recited. The image of Tirumangaialwar circumambulates each of these deities, and at the conclusion of the festival, the images are returned to their temples. Prior to this, the image of Tirumangaialwar and his consort are taken in a palanquin to each of the 11 Tirunangur Divya Desams, (trampling) through the paddy fields in the area, and the paasurams dedicated to each of the 11 Divya Desams are chanted in the respective shrines. The Ekadasa Garuda Sevai is the most important festivals in this area, and it draws thousands of visitors.

Tiruchenkunroor

Description: Tiruchenkunroor is one of the five ancient shrines in the Chengannur area of Kerala, connected with the Mahabharata. (Chengannur - Yuddhishtra, Tiruppuliyur - Bheema, Aranmula - Arjuna, Tiruvamundur - Nakula, and Tirukkadittaanam - Sahadeva). Nammalwar describes Chenkunrur as a town where the smoke emanating from the Vedic ritual yagnas fills the sky and as a place surrounded by rich lush vegetation (of bananas and coconuts).

The Chengannoor Mahadeva temple with a shrine to Bhagavati is of great significance in this town.

Legend has it that Dharmaputra (Yuddhishtra) offered worship to Vishnu, seeking pardon for his act on the battlefield, where he uttered the words 'Ashwattaama hatah kunjaraha' in an attempt to deceive Drona and lead him to a defenceless state where Arjuna brought his (Drona's) life to an end.

Tiruchireevaramangai (Vanamamalai)

Description: This Divya Desam is located in Nanguneri near Tirunelveli and is also known as Totadrikshetram or Vanamamalai. It is also referred to as Bhooloka Vaikuntham. Vanamamalai is home to the Vanamamalai Jeeyar Mutt. Located nearby is the Divya Desam Tirukkurunkudi.

Deities: The Moolavar here is Totadrinathan, in a seated posture facing east. He is flanked by his consorts, who also have their own sancta. Taayaa'rs name here is Sireevaramangaittaayaar.

Legend has it that when Vishnu vanquished the Madhukaitapa demons, Bhu Devi, fearing that she had lost her purity, meditated upon Vishnu at this shrine. Vishnu is believed to have blessed her, and taken this abode, along with his consorts Sri Devi and Bhu Devi as in Vaikuntham. The celestial nymphs Urvashi and Tilottama are said to have worshipped Vishnu here. Their images, bearing the 'Ven Chaamaram' fanning the deity, are seen in the sanctum.

The temple: This grand temple has two prakarams ornamented with the Pandal Mandapam, Jayanti Mandapam, Srivilli Mandapam, Kulasekhara Mandapam and the Veerappa Mandapam. An imposing rajagopuram adorns its entrance. There are also shrines to Varamangai Taayaar, Andal, Lakshmi Narayanar, Lakshmi Varahar and Venugopala. The oil used in ablution ceremonies here is considered to be of medicinal value.

Festivals: This temple is administered by the Vanamamalai jeeyar Mutt. The annual festivals are held in the months of Pankuni and Chittirai.

Tiruchitrakootam (at Chidambaram)

Description: This Divya Desam is a shrine to Govindaraja Perumaal located in the famed grand Nataraja temple complex at Chidambaram. The vast Nataraja temple complex is referred to as 'Kovil' in the Saivite tradition, as the Sri Rangam temple complex is in the Sree Vaishnavite tradition. Chidambaram represents centuries of history and tradition and is second to none in representing the vibrant culture of India.

Deities: The moolavar here is Govindaraja Perumaal in a reclining posture facing east while Taayaar is Pundarika Valli in here own sanctum. There are two festival images here; the first of the Utsavars is Parthasarathy in a seated posture, and the second is Chitrakootattilullaan.

Legends: Chidambaram has been held sacred for time immemorial for its association with the Cosmic dance of Shiva. Legend has it that upon the request of Patanjali (an incarnation of Adi Sesha) and Vyagrapada (the sage with tiger claws), Shiva re-enacted the Dance of Bliss, to the accompaniment of music played by the celestials. All of the Devas and Gods are believed to have gathered here to witness this grand spectacle.

The Temple: Govindaraja Perumal's shrine faces east, while Nataraja's shrine faces south. Perumal's shrine has its own circumambulatory passage and a set of towers. This shrine was renovated during the period of Vijayanagar rule.

Tiru Devanaar Togai

Description: This Divya Desam is located 6.5km south west of Sirkazhi, at a distance of a km from Tiruvaali. (Tiruvaali is located between Sirkazhi and Tiruvenkaadu).

Deities: The Moolavar here is Deivanayakan in a standing posture facing east while the Utsavar is Madhava Perumaal. Taayaar here is Kadalmagal Naachiyaar, and the Utsava Taayaar is Madhava Nayaki.

The Tirunaangur Divya Desams: This is one of the 11 Tirunaangur Divya Desams in the vicinity of Sirkazhi, glorified by the hymns of - and closely associated with Tirumangaialwar, whose birthplace Tirunagari, is located nearby. 11 Divya Desams in the vicinity of Sirkazhi, Tiruvaali and Tirunagari (the birthplace of Tirumangaialwar) are associated closely with Tirumangaialwar. Legend has it that Shiva performed the Ekadasa Rudra Aswamedha Yagam, to rid himself of the blemish of Brahmahatti; Vishnu is believed to have appeared in his presence with Sree Devi, Bhu Devi and Nila Devi at the end of the sacrifice, and upon Shiva's request, taken up 11 abodes here in the Tirunangur area, which correspond to the 11 Tirunaangur Divya Desams held in worship by Rudra.

Festivals: The Tirumangaialwar Mangalasasana utsavam in the month of Thai (after the new moon night) witnesses Garudasevai - a spectacular event in which festival images of Perumaal from the 11 (Tirunaangur) Divya Desam shrines in the area are brought on Garuda mounts to Tirunangur. An image of Tirumangai Alwar is brought here on a Hamsa Vahanam (from Tirunagari) and the paasurams (verses) dedicated to each of these 11 Divya Desams are recited. The image of Tirumangaialwar circumambulates each of these deities, and at the conclusion of the festival, the images are returned to their temples. Prior to this, the image of Tirumangaialwar and his consort are taken in a palanquin to each of the 11 Tirunangur Divya Desams, (trampling) through the paddy fields in the area, and the paasurams dedicated to each of the 11 Divya Desams are chanted in the respective shrines. The Ekadasa Garuda Sevai is the most important festivals in this area, and it draws thousands of visitors.

Tiruevvuloor (Tiruvalor)

Description: This Divya Desam is located at Tiruvallur, a railhead on the (suburban) railroad between Chennai and Arakkonam. Nearby are the Tiruppaasoor and the Tiruvaalankaadu Shivastalams and Tirumazhisai, the birthplace of Tirumazhisai Alwar. Not too far away is Sriperumpudoor, the birthplace of Ramanuja. Tiruvallur and Tiruttani are on the highway linking Chennai and Tirupati.

Tirumangai Alwar and Ramalinga Adigalaar have sung in praise of the deity at Tiruvallur. Tiruvallur is also referred to by a paasuram of Tirumazhisai Alwar where he addresses seven shrines featuring Vishnu in a reclining position - Tirukkudandai, Tiruvegkaa, Tiruvallur, Tiruvarangam, Tiruppernagar, Anbil and Tirupparkadal.

Deities: The Moolavar here is Veeraraghava Perumaal in a reclining posture facing east, and Taayaar here is Kanakavalli, enshrined in a separate sanctum.

Legend has it that Vishnu blessed Salihotra Muniv and revealed the Vedas to Brahma here. The name Tiruevvull comes from Perumaal's question (in Tamil) to Salihotra Muni 'Uraidarkuria Ull Evvull'. Legend has it that Vishnu in the guise of a human, requested the rishi for food and shelter, and posed the above question to the Rishi. Upon being pointed to his hut, Vishnu spent the night there, covering himself with the bark of trees. It was only the following morning that the rishi realized that his guest was none other than Vishnu. Vishnu is believed to have vanquished the demons Madhukaidapas, and protected devotees here.

It is believed that bathing in the temple tank, and worshipping Veeraraghavaperumaal here, is a cure to many a physical ailment, and hence the deity is also known as Vaidya Veeraraghava Perumal.

The Temple: This temple is under the administration of the Ahobila Mutt. Five worship services are carried out each day here. It is considered auspicious to visit this temple on new moon days. Two annual festivals are held here.

Tirumazhisai Alwar refers to seven shrines featuring Vishnu in a reclining position - Tirukkudandai, Tiruvegkaa, Tiruvallur, Tiruvarangam, Tiruppernagar, Anbil and Tirupparkadal.

Tirukkaarakam

Description: The Divya Desam Tiruoorakam enshrining Ulagalanda Perumaal in Periya Kanchipuram, is also home to three other Divya Desam shrines Tiruneerakam, Tirukkaarakam and Kaarvaanam.

Deities: Tirukkaarakam, mentioned in a paasuram of Tirumangaialwar, is represented by the image of Karunakara Perumaal in a standing posture facing south, in a shrine in a prakaram of the Ulagalanda Perumaal temple.

In a verse referring to Kachi Oorakam and Tiruvegkaa (both in Kanchipuram) Tirumangaialwar refers to Neerakam, Nilattingal Tundam, Kaarakam, Kaarvaanam and Kalva(nur). Nilattingal Tundam is a shrine in the Kanchi Ekambeswara temple. Neerakam, Kaarakam and Kaarvaanam are shrines in the Ulagalanda Perumaal temple (Oorakam). Kalvanoor is the name of the shrine to Vishnu (Aadi Varaha Perumaal) in the Kanchi Kamakshi Amman temple.

The Divya Desams revered by the Alwars in Vishnu Kanchi are Attigiri (the vast Varadaraja Perumal temple), Ashtabuyakaram, Tiruttankaa, Tiruvelukkai and Tiruvegkaa, while those in Shiva Kanchi are Tiru Oorakam (Ulagalanda Perumaal Koyil), Tiru Neeragam, Tiruppaatakam, Nilaattingal Tundam, Tirukkaaragam, Tirukkaarvaanam, Tirukkalvanur, Tiruppavalavannam and Parameswara Vinnagaram. The vast Ekambeswara temple (Prithvi Stalam) revered by the Tevaram hymns, is located in Periya (Shiva) Kanchi, as are the Kamakshiamman and the Kanda Kottam temples.

Tirukkaarvaanam

Description: The Divya Desam Tiruoorakam enshrining Ulagalanda Perumaal temple in Periya Kanchipuram, is also home to three other Divya Desam shrines Tiruneerakam, Tirukkaarakam and Kaarvaanam.

Deities: Tirukkaarvaanam, mentioned in a paasuram of Tirumangaialwar, is represented by the image of Kalvar, in a standing posture facing west in a shrine in the prakaram of the Ulagalanda Perumaal temple. Kalvan also refers to Vishnu in Kalvanur.

In a verse referring to Kachi Oorakam and Tiruvegkaa (both in Kanchipuram) Tirumangaialwar refers to Neerakam, Nilattingal Tundam, Kaarakam, Kaarvaanam and Kalva(nur). Nilattingal Tundam is a shrine in the Kanchi Ekambeswara temple, Neerakam, Kaarakam and Kaarvaanam are shrines in the Ulagalanda Perumaal temple (Oorakam). Kalvanoor is the name of the shrine to Vishnu (Aadi Varaha Perumaal) in the Kanchi Kamakshi Amman temple.

The Divya Desams revered by the Alwars in Vishnu Kanchi are Attigiri (the vast Varadaraja Perumal temple), Ashtabuyakaram, Tiruttankaa, Tiruvelukkai and Tiruvegkaa, while those in Shiva Kanchi are Tiru Oorakam (Ulagalanda Perumaal Koyil), Tiru Neeragam, Tiruppaatakam, Nilaattingal Tundam, Tirukkaaragam, Tirukkaarvaanam, Tirukkalvanur, Tiruppavalavannam and Parameswara Vinnagaram. The vast Ekambeswara temple(Prithvi Stalam) revered by the Tevaram hymns, is located in Periya (Shiva) Kanchi, as are the Kamakshiamman and the Kanda Kottam temples.

Tirukkaavalampaadi

Description: This Divya Desam is located at a distance of 10 km from Sirkazhi enroute to Tiruvenkadu and Poompuhaar and is one of the 11 Tirunaangur Divya Desams.

Deities: The Moolavar here is Gopal